Voter ID laws vary significantly across the United States. Understanding these requirements can be complex. This guide clarifies how many states require photo IDs for voting, using information categorized by the Movement Advancement Project (MAP).
Categories of Voter ID Laws
MAP classifies voter ID laws into five distinct categories:
No ID Required
Fourteen states and the District of Columbia do not require voters to present any form of identification at the polls. Voter eligibility is confirmed through alternative methods, such as signature verification.
Non-Strict, Non-Photo ID
Seven states request, but do not require, a non-photo ID. Voters can still cast a regular ballot without an ID in these states. Examples of acceptable non-photo IDs might include utility bills, bank statements, or government documents.
Non-Strict, Photo ID
Thirteen states request, but do not require, a photo ID. Voters can cast a regular ballot even if they do not possess a photo ID.
Strict, Non-Photo ID
Four states mandate that voters present a non-photo ID. If a voter lacks the necessary identification, they cannot cast a regular ballot. These states often have provisional voting processes in place.
Strict, Photo ID
Twelve states have strict photo ID requirements. Voters must present a valid photo ID to vote. Failure to do so prevents them from casting a regular ballot. Provisional ballots are often available but require follow-up action.
Understanding “Strict” vs. “Non-Strict”
The distinction between “strict” and “non-strict” revolves around the consequences of not possessing the requested or required identification. In strict states, lacking appropriate ID prevents immediate ballot casting, often necessitating further steps to ensure the vote counts. Non-strict states permit voting even without the requested ID.
Exceptions and Nuances
Alabama and Wyoming are categorized as strict photo ID states by MAP, despite having narrow exceptions that could allow some individuals to vote without the typically required photo ID. This highlights the complexities within voter ID laws. In-person voting regulations differ from those for mail-in or absentee voting. First-time voters who registered by mail without providing ID may also encounter different rules. Always consult local election officials for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Population Distribution by Voter ID Law Category
The percentages below, sourced from the United States Election Project, represent the voting-eligible population living under each category of voter ID laws:
- 37%: No ID required (verification through other means)
- 9%: Non-strict, non-photo ID requested
- 30%: Non-strict, photo ID requested
- 4%: Strict, non-photo ID required
- 20%: Strict, photo ID required.
These figures illustrate the significant portion of the US population living in states with varying degrees of voter ID requirements.
Conclusion
Voter ID laws are a complex and evolving aspect of the American electoral process. While this overview provides a general understanding, consulting your local election officials or the resources provided by the Movement Advancement Project (https://www.mapresearch.org/democracy-maps/in_person_voting) is crucial for accurate and localized information.
